There’s a new battle emerging over President Donald Trump’s sweeping tariffs, many of which could finally take effect this week: How to spend the billions the new duties are pouring into federal coffers.

President Donald Trump’s expanded reciprocal tariffs will not apply to any products loaded onto a vessel for transport into the US before 12:01 a.m. New York time on Thursday, according to guidance issued by US Customs and Border Protection.

As dozens of countries race to reach trade deals with the U.S. ahead of a Thursday deadline, President Trump has embraced a strategy that goes beyond the usual focus on markets and deficits: He’s demanding multibillion-dollar investments in the U.S.